Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the verb "came" (rather than the verbal form "coming"), thereby stating a complete thought.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) creates a sentence fragment. Since the entire phrase contains no verb (only the verbal form "coming"), the sentence does not state a complete thought.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) exhibits wordiness. The pronoun "they" unnecessarily repeats the sentence's subject, "Some."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) displays wordiness. The pronoun "they" unnecessarily repeats the sentence's subject, "Some."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) produces a sentence fragment. The verb "came" does not complete the thought because it is part of a dependent clause ("which came from unsolicited donations").
2
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by clearly indicating that "the medical directors" are not also "patients."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves improper modification. "The medical directors" are not "patients" as the sentence suggests.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) involves an ineffective passive construction. The phrase "The belief of . . . is that you" would be expressed more effectively by using an active construction ("The medical directors . . . believe that you").
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) involves wordiness and awkward phrasing. There is no need to repeat "you" twice or to refer to the plural "patients" as "you."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to complete the thought.
3
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by clearly indicating who was "lecturing at the university."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves improper modification. "Read the poetry" could not logically have been "lecturing at the university."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) involves improper modification. It illogically suggests that "the poetry of Margaret Atwood" was "lecturing at the university."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) displays improper modification. "Her audience" could not logically have been "lecturing at the university."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) exhibits improper modification. "Margaret Atwood's poetry" could not have been "lecturing at the university."
4
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by clarifying relationships among the actors in the sentence ("Lois" and "Bontemps").
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves an error in pronoun reference. There is nothing in the sentence to which the pronoun "her" can logically refer.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) involves an inappropriate pronoun. It is not clear to what the pronoun "this" is meant to refer.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is awkward and wordy. The phrase "as a result" should simply be "because," and the awkward "of Bontemps' being" could simply be "Bontemps is."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) includes unnecessary words. The words "as" and "an" should be deleted.
5
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. The plural verbs "begin" and "culminate" agree with the plural subject "The five autobiographical volumes."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to complete the thought.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) involves errors in verb form. "Have begun" should be "begin," and "culminating" should be "culminate."
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to complete the thought.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) exhibits inappropriate verb forms. The present tense ("begin" and "culminate") should be used throughout.
