26

    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied for years, but only recently have the harmful effects of noise pollution become known.

    Explanation for Correct Answer C : 

    The error in the sentence is at (C), where the singular verb "has" does not agree with its plural subject "effects."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A). The verb "has been studied" agrees with its subject, and its tense is appropriate in the context of this sentence.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B). The conjunction "but" signals a contrast in ideas between the two ideas that it joins together.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D). The verb "become" is in the appropriate tense (present perfect tense).

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: The historian argued that we ought to learn more about the process by which individuals like Sam Houston were identified by others as leaders.

    Explanation for Correct Answer E :  There is no error in this sentence.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A), where "we" is an appropriate subject in the sentence for the verb "ought."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B), where "more" is the object of the verb "learn" and "about" begins the prepositional phrase "about the process."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    There is no error at (C), where "were identified" acts appropriately as a passive verb followed by the preposition "by."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D), where the phrase "as leaders" describes the way in which people such as Sam Houston "were identified."

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Quick to take advantage of Melanie Johnson's preoccupation with the history of the Johnson family, the genealogist proposed investigating that history--for a large fee.

    Explanation for Correct Answer C : 

    The error in this sentence occurs at (C), where an incorrect idiom is used. The preposition "in" is used where "with" would be more idiomatic.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A). The adjective "quick" appropriately modifies the noun "genealogist."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B). The verb "take" combines with the noun "advantage" to form an appropriate idiom.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D). The relative pronoun "that" refers appropriately to the noun "the history of the Johnson family."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Unlike most other fifteenth-century rulers, Portuguese kings could count on the support of the aristocracy in any overseas ventures.

    Explanation for Correct Answer A : 

    The error in this sentence occurs at (A), where there is an improper idiom. The phrase “Contrasting with” is unidiomatic in this context. Instead, “Unlike” is needed to properly set up the comparison between “Portuguese kings” and “most other fifteenth-century rulers.”

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B). The adjective phrase "most other" appropriately modifies the noun phrase "fifteenth-century rulers."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    There is no error at (C). The verb phrase "could count on" agrees with its subject and is consistent in tense with the sentence.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D). "In any" appropriately begins the prepositional phrase "in any overseas ventures."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Explanation for Correct Answer D : 

    Choice (D) is correct. The phrase "that are arising" is not needed to modify "statements" because there is already a modifying phrase, "made by candidates."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    Choice (A) is unsatisfactory because "people" is the subject of the sentence.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    Choice (B) is unsatisfactory because "complain" should be in the present tense. Every other sentence in the passage uses the present tense.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    Choice (C) is unsatisfactory because it duplicates the problem of the original; "made by candidates" is the only phrase needed to modify "statements."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : 

    Choice (E) is unsatisfactory because it creates redundancy: "during" and "during the course of" mean precisely the same thing.