11

    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Explanation for Correct Answer B : 

    Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the appropriate word ("because") to introduce a dependent clause explaining why some argue for conservation.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    Choice (A) involves imprecise modification. The preposition "with" loosely links the introductory phrase to the statement that follows ("some argue . . . are unnecessary") but does not indicate the cause-effect relationship.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    Choice (C) uses inappropriate word order. The phrase "of coal" precedes the phrase "billions of tons," but the reverse order would be clearer.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    Choice (D) exhibits wordiness. The phrase "By considering that there" can be reduced to one word that is more precise, "because."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : 

    Choice (E) displays inappropriate word order. The phrase "of the coal" precedes the phrase "billions of tons," but the reverse order would be clearer.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Beatrix Potter completely transformed the traditional animal fable, which had been used by other writers simply to illustrate moral lessons.

    Explanation for Correct Answer C : 

    The error in this sentence occurs at (C), where there is an inappropriate pronoun. There is nothing in the sentence to which the plural pronoun "they" can logically refer.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A). The adverb "completely" appropriately modifies the verb "transformed."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B). The adjective "traditional" appropriately modifies the noun "animal fable."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D). The infinitive "to illustrate" appropriately introduces how "other writers" used "the traditional animal fable."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: No matter where they came from or what their previous lifestyle was, the refugees were grateful for having       beengranted political asylum in the United States.

    Explanation for Correct Answer C : 

    The error in the sentence is at (C), where the present-tense verb "is" differs from the past tense of the rest of the sentence for no reason.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A), where the phrase "No matter" appropriately precedes the clause "where they came from."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : 

    There is no error at (B). The conjunction "or" connects the clause "where they came from" with the beginning of the next clause ("what").

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D), where the adjective "grateful" appropriately follows the verb "were" in describing "the refugees."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

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    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Susan and Peter were inspired to become professional writers after hearing a famous journalist speak about the challenges of investigative reporting.

    Explanation for Correct Answer B : 

    The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where the singular "a professional writer" does not agree with the plural subject "Susan and Peter."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A). The plural verb "were" agrees with its plural subject "Susan and Peter," and the adjective "inspired" appropriately indicates what happened to Susan and Peter after they heard the speaker (they were inspired).

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    There is no error at (C). The conjunction "and" combines with the gerund "hearing" to appropriately indicate the time period covered by the action of the sentence.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D). The phrase "speak about" is an appropriate idiom.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.

    15

    ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

    Corrected Sentence: Cocoa was popular with Europeans before either tea or coffee, its consumption gradually spreading from Spain and Portugal to Italy, Austria, France, and then across the channel to the British Isles.

    Explanation for Correct Answer B : 

    The error in the sentence is at (B), where the conjunction should be "or," not "and," in order to appropriately follow the conjunction "either."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : 

    There is no error at (A), where "before" correctly tells when "cocoa was popular with Europeans."

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : 

    There is no error at (C), where the adverb "gradually" tells how cocoa's consumption spread.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : 

    There is no error at (D), where "and then across" appropriately describes the spread of cocoa's consumption.

    Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.